T9000 Transputer Products Overview Manual
First Edition 1991
INMOS document number: 72-TRN-228-00
208 Pages
© INMOS Limited 1991. INMOS reserves the right to make changes in specifications at any time and without notice. The information furnished by INMOS in this publication is believed to be accurate; however, no responsibility is assumed for its use, nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties resulting from its use. No license is granted under any patents, trademarks or other rights of INMOS.
Preface
The T9000 Transputer Products Overview Manual introduces the latest member of the transputer range of. microprocessors, the IMS T9000. Transputers are designed to provide extremely high performance in single processor applications and are also designed with hardware and software features for the construction of multiprocessing systems.
Other transputer products include the IMS T225, a 16 bit microprocessor, the 32 bit IMS T425 and the IMS T8xx series, which are 32 bit microprocessors with an on-chip 64 bit floating point processor. Details of these and their support devices can be found in The Transputer Databook, which is available as a separate publication. Other transputer related documents, including various application and technical notes, are also available from INMOS.
This manual consists of two parts; an overview section and a set of more detailed documents for the first members of the new product range. Part 1, the overview, introduces the transputer architecture and then the features and benefits of the IMS T9000 family. Part 2 contains preliminary information on the IMS T9000 transputer, the IMS C104 packet routing switch and the IMS C100 system protocol converter. This is advance information and is subject to change.
More detailed documentation on the IMS T9000 family is in preparation. This will include a hardware reference manual, a programmers reference manual, a system networking manual and various application notes. Documentation for systems and software products will also be updated to reflect added support for the IMS T9000. For the latest information, contact your local SGS-THOMSON sales outlet.
Software and hardware examples given in this book are outline design studies and are included to illustrate various ways in which transputers can be used. The examples are not intended to provide accurate application designs.
In addition to transputer products the INMOS product range also includes development systems, systems products and high performance graphics devices. For further information regarding INMOS products please contact your local SGS-THOMSON sales outlet.
Contents
Preface
Part 1: Product Family Overview
1 Introducing the INMOS IMS T9000 family 1.1 Performance 1.2 Multiprocessing 1.3 Communications support devices 1.4 Software 1.5 Applications 2 The IMS T9000 transputer 2.1 Overview Processor Hierarchical memory system Communications system Multiple internal buses System services 2.2 The transputer architecture 2.3 Support for concurrent processes 2.4 Pipelined, superscalar implementation The pipeline Grouping of instructions Improvements over IMS T805 2.5 Hierarchical memory system 2.5.1 Main cache Cache operation Use as on-chip RAM 2.5.2 Workspace cache Cache operation 3 Simplicity of system design 3.1 Single 5MHz clock input 3.2 Programmable memory interface 3.3 Control links and configuration 3.4 Loading and bootstrapping 3.5 Examples 4 Protection and error handling 4.1 Error handling 4.2 Protected mode Protected mode processes Executing illegal instructions Memory management 5 Support for multiprocessing Fast interrupt response and process switch 5.1 The transputer model of concurrency Processes and channels Program structure Example Multiprocessor programs 5.2 Other models of concurrency Shared memory 5.3 Hardware scheduler 5.4 Interrupts, events and timers 5.5 Shared resources 6 Communication links 6.1 Using links between transputers 6.2 Advantages of using links Efficiency Simplicity Hardware independence 6.3 IMS T9000 links 6.3.1 Virtual channels Virtual links Sending packets Receiving packets The virtual channel processor Implementation 6.3.2 Levels of link protocol Packet level protocol Token level protocol Bit level protocol 7 Network communications 7.1 Message routing Advantages for the programmer Routers Separating routers and processors Parallel networks 7.2 The IMS C104 Wormhole routing Minimizing routing delays Control links 7.2.1 Using IMS T9000s with IMS C104s Header deletion Routing control channels 7.3 Routing algorithms 7.3.1 Labelling networks 7.3.2 Avoiding deadlock 8 Other communications devices 8.1 Mixing transputer types: the IMS C100 8.2 Interfacing to peripherals and host systems 9 Software and systems 9.1 Development software 9.1.1 Configuration tools Hardware description Software description Mapping software to hardware Configuration languages Types of networks 9.1.2 Initializing and loading a network Levels of initialization Booting a system from link Booting a system from ROM 9.1.3 Host servers 9.1.4 Debugging 9.1.5 IMS T805 emulation 9.2 iq Systems products 9.2.1 IMS T9000 products Compatible development products IMS T9000 specific products Host interfaces 10 References
Part 2: Product Family Preliminary Information
IMS T9000 transputer
1 Introduction 2 Preliminary pin designations 3 Processor 3.1 Registers 3.2 Processes and concurrency 3.3 Priority 3.4 Process types 3.4.1 G-processes: global trap-handling and debugging 3.4.2 L-processes: local error handling and debugging 3.5 Timers 3.6 Block move 3.7 Semaphores 4 Communications, events and resources 4.1 Efficient variable-length communications 4.2 Processor-to-processor communications 4.3 Virtual link control blocks 4.3.1 Errors 4.4 VCP and CPU configuration registers 4.4.1 MemStart register 4.4.2 Minimum invalid virtual channel register 4.4.3 External resource channel base register 4.4.4 Header area base register 4.4.5 Header offset register 4.4.6 Packet header limit registers 4.4.7 VCP command register 4.4.8 VCP status register 4.4.9 VCP link mode register 4.4.10 Event mode register 4.5 Events 4.6 Resources 5 Memory management 5.1 Protection, stack extension, and logical to physical address translation 5.2 Regions 5.3 Region descriptors 5.4 Machine registers 5.5 Debugging 6 Main Cache 6.1 Cache instructions 6.2 Cache configuration registers 7 Programmable memory interface 7.1 Pin functions 7.1.1 ProcClockOut 7.1.2 MemData0-63 7.1.3 MemAdd2-31 7.1.4 notMemWrB0-3 7.1.5 notMemRAS0-3 7.1.6 notMemCAS0-3 7.1.7 notMemPS0-3 7.1.8 MemWait 7.1.9 MemReqIn, MemGranted 7.1.10 MemReqOut 7.1.11 notMemBootCE 7.1.12 notMemRf 7.2 External Bus Cycles 7.2.1 External DRAM cycles 7.2.2 External non-DRAM cycles 7.2.3 Bank switching 7.3 PMI configuration registers 7.3.1 Bank address registers Address registers Mask registers RAS bits registers Format control registers BootSpace allocation 7.3.2 Strobe timing registers Strobe registers Timing control registers Refresh control register 8 Data/Strobe links 8.1 Low-level flow control 8.2 Link speeds 8.3 Errors on links 8.4 Link configuration registers 9 Control links 9.1 Initialization 9.2 Commands 9.3 Errors on control links 9.4 Stand alone mode 9.5 Link speed 9.6 Control link configuration registers 10 Levels of reset and the configuration space 10.1 Reset Levels 10.1.1 Level 0 - hardware reset 10.1.2 Level 1 - labelled control network 10.1.3 Level 2 - configured network 10.1.4 Level 3 - booted network 10.1.5 Loading code 10.2 Configuration space 11 Instruction set 11.1 Direct functions 11.2 Prefix functions 11.3 Indirect functions 11.4 Efficiency of encoding 11.5 Interaction of the processor pipeline and the instruction set 11.6 Floating point instructions 11.7 Instruction characteristics 12 Performance 12.1 Integer operations 12.2 Floating point operations 12.3 Predefines 13 Compatibility with the IMS T805 13.1 Binary code compatibility 13.2 Source level compatibility 13.3 Compatibility issues 14 Mixed T9000 and T2/T4/T8 systems 14.1 Byte mode 15 Package specifications 15.1 208 pin ceramic quad flat pack package dimensions 15.2 208 pin ceramic quad flat pack thermal characteristics 16 Thermal management Power considerations
IMS C104 packet routing switch
1 Introduction 2 Overview 2.1 Communication on IMS T9000 transputers 3 Operation of IMS C104 networks 3.1 Wormhole routing 3.2 Interval labeling 3.3 Modular composition of networks 3.4 Use of parallel networks 3.5 Hot spot avoidance 4 Control of the IMS C104 4.1 Programmable parameters 4.1.1 Partitioning 4.1.2 Grouped adaptive routing 4.2 Registers 5 Control links 5.1 Commands 5.2 Link speeds 5.3 Control link configuration registers 6 Data/Strobe links 6.1 Low-level flow control 6.2 Link speeds 6.3 Errors on links 6.4 Link configuration registers 7 Levels of reset 7.1 Level 0 - hardware reset 7.2 Level 1 - labelled control network 7.3 Level 2 - configured network 7.4 Level 3 8 Software 8.1 IMS T9000 configuration tools 9 Preliminary pin designations
IMS C100 system protocol converter
1 Introduction 2 IMS C100 modes of operation 2.1 Mode pins 2.2 Mode 0: Enables a T9-series transputer to be used in a T2/T4/T8-series network 2.3 Mode 1: Enables a T2/T4/T8-series system to use a T9-series subsystem 2.4 Mode 2: Enables a T9-series system to use an existing T2/T4/T8-series subsystem 2.5 Mode 3: Enables a T9-series system to use a T2/T4/T8-series subsystem 3 Link protocols and link protocol conversion 3.1 T2/T4/T8 series oversampled links 3.2 T9 series data/strobe links 3.2.1 Byte mode 3.3 Data protocol conversion 3.3.1 Byte-stream conversion 3.3.2 Packetized conversion 4 Control protocols and control protocol conversion 4.1 T2/T4/T8 type control 4.2 T9 type control 4.3 Control protocol conversion 4.3.1 RAE master control (mode 0) 4.3.2 CLink0 master control (modes 1, 2 and 3) 4.3.3 OS Link 0 special function 5 Links 5.1 Data links 5.1.1 Data link speeds 5.1.2 DS links in modes 1, 2 and 3 5.2 Control links 5.2.1 Control link speeds 6 Configuration 6.1 Configuration space 6.2 Data DS link configuration registers 6.3 Control link configuration registers 7 Levels of reset 7.1 Resetting links 7.2 Level 0 - hardware reset 7.3 Level 1 - labelled control network 7.4 Level 2 - configured network 7.5 Level 3 8 Software 8.1 Toolsets 9 Pin designations
Back to the top